Tax Basics for U.S. Expats in Turkey

Turkey has a tremendously rich history. Its location at the crossroad of Europe and Asia gives it significant geo-strategic importance. It shares a border with 8 other countries.

If you are planning to become a U.S. expat in Turkey, or have been one for a while, it’s important to know the tax laws of the country and the potential impact on your U.S. tax return. Expat taxes can get complicated. Fortunately, the key points are outlined below.

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Taxation in Turkey

Let’s start by reviewing some basics about the tax system in Turkey. Residents are taxed on worldwide, while non-residents are taxed on Turkish-source income only. Foreigners who are present in the country for more than 6 months during a calendar year are considered residents for tax purposes.

The tax rates in Turkey are progressive:

• Employment income for residents – Progressive from 15% to 35%
• Taxation on interests – 15% tax withholding
• Taxation on dividends – 15% tax withholding
• Taxation on capital gains – Generally same as employment income (certain LT gains are tax-exempt).

Turkey and the U.S. have an income tax treaty in-place. International tax treaties clarify tax jurisdiction. These treaties can provide U.S. citizens and residents with reductions in foreign income taxes. However, a reduction in U.S. taxes is generally not available under these treaties as a result of “tax saving” clauses that allow the U.S. government to impose taxes on U.S. expats as if there were no treaty.

Turkey and the U.S. do not have a social security tax agreement in-place. Therefore, certain U.S. expats will be required to pay into both social security programs.

How Living in Turkey Impacts U.S. Taxes

As a U.S. citizen or permanent resident (Greencard), you are required to file U.S. taxes even if you live in Turkey. Plus, if you have assets in foreign financial accounts (e.g., foreign banks), there are informational reports you may be required to file. For example, U.S. Expats Living in Turkey with $10,000 or more in foreign banks must file the FBAR (now known as FinCen 114).

Fortunately, the U.S. government provides various forms of tax relief that can lower or eliminate U.S. tax obligations

• The Foreign Earned Income Exclusion – It allows you to exclude a certain amount of income earned outside the U.S.
• The Foreign Housing Exclusion/Deduction – This one relates to additional income that can be excluded for household-related expenses tied to living abroad.
• The Foreign Tax Credit – It allows you to offset foreign taxes paid against U.S. tax obligations.

In most cases, the foreign earned income exclusion is preferable to the foreign tax credit if you live in a country with a lower tax rate than the U.S. (assuming your income is not above the applicable threshold). However, it’s a good idea to speak with an expat tax specialist to discuss the best application of these tax reliefs.

FATCA and Turkey

The U.S. government is increasingly interested in knowing about the foreign assets held by its citizens and residents. As a result, it has been busy inking deals with other countries whereby foreign financial institutions (FFIs) will be required to:

• Identify accounts of U.S. persons;
• Report certain information to the IRS regarding those accounts;
• Withhold a 30% tax on certain payments to non-participating FFIs and account holders unwilling to provide the required information

As of the publication of this article, roughly 100 countries have either signed intergovernmental agreements with the United States or are in discussions. It is important to know that Turkey does have a FATCA agreement in-place with the U.S.

If you have any questions regarding your U.S. expat taxes, contact us today. We are here to help.