Taxes – What US Expat in the Dominican Republic Should Know

The Dominican Republic features idyllic beaches, warm weather, and welcoming people. A popular destination for vacationers, it is also home to many expats from the U.S. and Europe.

If you are planning to become a U.S. expat in Dominican Republic, or have been one for a while, it’s important to know the tax laws of the country and the potential impact on your U.S. tax return. Expat taxes can get complicated. Fortunately, we have outlined the key points below.

Photo by: Joe deSousa

Taxation in Dominican Republic

Let’s start by reviewing who is required to pay taxes in Dominican Republic. Residents are taxed on worldwide income if they have been a resident for 3 years. Foreigners who have spent over 182 days in the country during a tax year are considered residents for tax purposes. Non-residents are taxed on Dominican Republic-source income only.

The tax system in the Dominican Republic is progressive. The rates are as follows:

• Employment Income: Progressive up to 25%
• Interest Income: Generally 10%
• Dividends: Generally 10%
• Capital Gains: Progressive up to 25%

Note that Dominican Republic and the U.S. do not have a social security tax agreement in-place. This means that certain U.S. expats will be required to pay into both social security programs.

How Living in Dominican Republic Impacts US Taxes

As a U.S. citizen or permanent resident (Greencard), you are required to file U.S. taxes even if you live in Dominican Republic. Plus, if you have assets in foreign financial accounts (e.g., foreign banks), there are informational reports you may be required to file. For example, U.S. Expats Living in Dominican Republic with $10,000 or more in foreign banks must file the FBAR (now known as FinCen 114).

Fortunately, the U.S. government provides various forms of tax relief that can lower or eliminate U.S. tax obligations

• The Foreign Earned Income Exclusion – It allows you to exclude a certain amount of income earned outside the U.S.
• The Foreign Housing Exclusion/Deduction – This one relates to additional income that can be excluded for household-related expenses tied to living abroad.
• The Foreign Tax Credit – It allows you to offset foreign taxes paid against U.S. tax obligations.

In most cases, the foreign earned income exclusion is preferable to the foreign tax credit if you live in a country with a lower tax rate than the U.S. (assuming your income is not above the applicable threshold). However, it’s a good idea to speak with an expat tax specialist to discuss the best application of these tax reliefs.

FATCA and Dominican Republic

The U.S. government is increasingly interested in knowing about the foreign assets held by its citizens and residents. As a result, it has been busy inking deals with other countries whereby foreign financial institutions (FFIs) will be required to:

• Identify accounts of U.S. persons;
• Report certain information to the IRS regarding those accounts;
• Withhold a 30% tax on certain payments to non-participating FFIs and account holders unwilling to provide the required information

As of the publication of this article, roughly 80 countries have either signed intergovernmental agreements with the United States or are in discussions. Dominican Republic and the U.S. do not yet have a FATCA agreement in-place. However, you should be aware of the implications given that the IRS intends to expand FATCA’s reach in the upcoming years.

If you have any questions regarding your U.S. expat taxes, contact us today. We are here to help.